Understanding Gold Tarnish: Causes and Prevention

Introduction

Gold, known for its luster and durability, has been a symbol of beauty and permanence throughout history. However, a common misconception is that gold can tarnish. This blog post aims to clarify this misunderstanding by explaining the science behind why gold appears to tarnish and how to maintain its everlasting shine.

The Nature of Gold

Gold, in its purest form (24 karat), is one of the least reactive chemical elements, making it highly resistant to tarnishing and corrosion. This is why gold, discovered centuries ago, can still be found in pristine condition. Pure gold does not tarnish because it does not react with most elements, including oxygen, which is the primary cause of tarnishing in metals.

Why Does Gold Jewelry Appear to Tarnish?

The 'tarnishing' often observed in gold jewelry is not actually tarnishing of the gold itself but of the other metals alloyed with it. Most gold jewelry is an alloy, mixed with metals like copper, silver, nickel, or zinc to increase its strength and durability. It's these alloying metals that react with various substances they come in contact with, such as oxygen, sulfur compounds, and even acids released by the skin.

1. Low-Karat Gold: Jewelry made with a lower karat of gold (e.g., 10k or 14k) contains a higher percentage of alloy metals, making it more susceptible to discoloration.
2. Environmental Factors: Exposure to chemicals, pollutants, and certain cosmetics can accelerate the tarnishing process of the alloy metals in gold jewelry.
3. Body Chemistry: Individual body chemistry can also affect the rate at which gold jewelry tarnishes. Perspiration, for example, can increase the rate of tarnish in gold alloys due to the acids and salts it contains.

Preventing and Cleaning Tarnish on Gold Jewelry

• Proper Storage: Store gold jewelry in a dry, cool place away from direct sunlight. Keeping it in a lined jewelry box or a tarnish-resistant bag can help.
• Regular Cleaning: Clean gold jewelry with a solution of mild dish soap and warm water. Gently scrub with a soft-bristled brush and dry with a soft cloth.
• Avoid Harsh Chemicals: Remove gold jewelry before swimming in chlorinated water and avoid direct contact with perfumes and lotions.

Restoring the Shine

If your gold jewelry has lost its luster, a professional jeweler can often restore its original appearance. They can clean and polish the piece, removing the tarnish from the alloyed metals without damaging the gold.

Conclusion

While pure gold doesn't tarnish, the alloys mixed with gold in jewelry can react with elements in the environment, leading to a tarnished appearance. Understanding this can help you take better care of your gold jewelry, ensuring that its beauty and shine endure for years to come.